ABSTRACT. A diagrammatic scale with five levels (0, 0.1 - 2.0, 2.0 - 6.0, 6.0 - 10, and 10 - 14) was developed and evaluated to measure the symptoms of heat injury in a coffee seedling canopy. The scale was constructed to increase assessment efficiency and align the estimations more closely with the actual values. Two assessments with the diagrammatic scale and one without were conducted with an interval of seven days. The evaluators using the proposed scale presented estimates with better levels of precision, accuracy, reproducibility, and repeatability than those using a conventional method. The proposed diagrammatic scale was shown to provide a reliable estimate for assessing the symptoms of heat injury on the canopy of in Coffea arabica L. seedlings. Therefore, it is possible to standardize heat injury evaluation methods using this diagrammatic scale, allowing for data comparisons with different cultivars.

Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência de diferentes coberturas de solo, tipos de fertilizantes e condicionadores de solo sobre a incidência e a severidade da cercosporiose (Cercospora coffeicola) em cafeeiro (Coffea arabica), em estádio vegetativo. O experimento foi realizado em delineamento de blocos ao acaso, em arranjo fatorial 3×2×5 (coberturas de solo × tipos de fertilizantes × condicionadores de solo) em parcelas subsubdivididas, com três repetições. Foram feitas comparações entre: três coberturas de solo (filme plástico, Urochloa decumbens e sem cobertura) nas parcelas; dois tipos de fertilizante (convencional e liberação controlada) nas subparcelas; e quatro condicionadores de solo (casca de café, gesso agrícola, polímero hidrorretentor e composto orgânico), bem como o controle, nas subsubparcelas. A área abaixo da curva de progresso da incidência e da severidade da doença mostrou as menores médias sem cobertura do solo, enquanto a do número de folhas foi maior com o uso do fertilizante de liberação controlada. O filme plástico proporcionou maior umidade do solo e menor resistência à penetração do solo. A composição química do composto orgânico reduziu o crescimento do cafeeiro. A cobertura do solo com filme plástico ou com U. decumbens favorece a alta incidência da cercosporiose; no entanto, proporciona maior umidade do solo e, consequentemente, melhora o crescimento do cafeeiro na fase vegetativa.

Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of different soil coverings, fertilizer types, and soil conditioners on the incidence and severity of brown eye spot (Cercospora coffeicola) in coffee (Coffea arabica) during the vegetative stage. The experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design, in a 3×2×5 factorial arrangement (soil coverings × fertilizer types × soil conditioners) in subdivided plots, with three replicates. Comparisons were made among: three soil covering (plastic film, Urochloa decumbens, and no covering) in the plots; two fertililizer types (conventional and controlled release) in the sub-plots; and four soil conditioners (coffee husk, agricultural gypsum, water retention polymer, and organic compound), as well as the control, in the sub-sub-plots. The area under the progress curve for disease incidence and severity showed the lowest mean without soil covering, whereas that for number of leaves was greater with the use of the controlled-release fertilizer. The plastic film provided a greater soil moisture and a lower soil resistance penetration. The chemical composition of the organic compound reduced coffee plants growth. Soil covering with plastic film or U. decumbens favors the high incidence of brown eye spot; however, it provides a greater soil moisture and, therefore, improves the growth of coffee plants in the vegetative stage.

Resumo: O momento de aplicação do tratamento de sementes é importante para a manutenção da qualidade de sementes de soja. Assim, objetivou-se verificar o efeito do tratamento fungicida e inseticida na qualidade de sementes de soja antes e após o armazenamento. Utilizou-se sementes das cultivares NS 7494, NS 8693 e NS 7338 IPRO, que foram analisadas separadamente, em esquema fatorial de 3x6. Três momentos de aplicação em que as sementes foram: tratadas e avaliadas; tratadas, armazenadas e avaliadas; armazenadas, tratadas e avaliadas; e seis combinações de inseticidas e fungicidas: Cropstar(r) + Derosal Plus(r); Cropstar(r) + Maxim xl(r); Cruiser(r) + Derosal Plus(r); Cruiser(r)+ Maxim xl(r); Standak Top(r) e o controle. Realizou-se testes de germinação, emergência, envelhecimento acelerado, frio e sanidade. Concluiu-se que as misturas com Cruiser(r) não afetam a qualidade fisiológica de sementes de soja tratadas e avaliadas, e tratadas após dois meses de armazenamento. Cropstar(r)+ Derosal Plus(r)mantém a qualidade fisiológica de sementes de soja armazenadas tratadas por dois meses, enquanto que o Standak Top(r)tem efeito negativo. As misturas com Cropstar(r) prejudicam a qualidade fisiológica de sementes de soja tratadas após dois meses de armazenamento. O fungicida Derosal Plus(r) melhora a qualidade sanitária de sementes de soja independentemente do momento de tratamento.

Abstract: The timing of seed treatment application is important to keep soybean seeds quality. Therefore, the aim of this study was verify the effect of fungicides and insecticides treatment in soybean seeds quality before and after storage. Seeds of NS 7494, NS 8693 and NS 7338 IPRO were utilized and analyses separately, through a factorial scheme 3x6, with three application moments: treated and assessed; treated, stored and assessed; stored, treated and assessed; and six combination of fungicides and insecticides: Cropstar(r) + Derosal Plus(r); Cropstar(r) + Maxim xl(r); Cruiser(r) + Derosal Plus(r); Cruiser(r)+ Maxim xl(r); Standak Top(r) and the control group. Germination, seedling emergence, accelerate aging, cold and health tests were performed. It was determined that the combination with Cruiser(r) doesn't affect the physiological quality of soybean seeds treated and assessed, and treated after two month of storage. Cropstar(r) + Derosal plus(r) keeps physiological quality of soybean seeds stored and treated for two months, while Standak top(r) has negative effect. The combination with Cropstar(r) damages the physiological quality of soybean seeds treat after two months of storage. The fungicide Derosal plus(r) improves the health quality of soybean seeds regardless treatment moment.